Mongolia is a rapidly developing country that has experienced growing industrialization and urbanization in recent decades. This study was conducted to evaluate the enrichment and labile fractions of metals in urban soils of Mongolia and to identify major sources of soil metal pollution. The concentrations and geochemical fractions of Al, Fe, Mn, Cr, Cu, Cd, Co, Zn, V, Mo, As, Sb, and Pb in soils of the city Ulaanbaatar were investigated. The results demonstrate that only Fe, Mn, Co, Mo, and V occur at natural levels with enrichment factors close to unity. The majority of investigated toxic metals, including Cu, Zn, Cr, Sb, As, Cd, and Pb, are serious pollutants in urban soils, with enrichment factors of up to 2.8, 5.1, 2.1, 16, 13, 15, and 11, respectively. Studies of the chemical fractions of metals demonstrate that Zn is mainly found in its labile form and is considered a high risk to humans and biota. Industrial release, household ash, coal combustion, and tire abrasion were identified as key sources of toxic metals entering into the soil of Ulaanbaatar City, which should be controlled effectively to prevent the population as well as pollution distribution over a wider area by long-range atmospheric transport.

蒙古是一个快速发展的国家，近几十年来经历了不断增长的工业化和城市化进程。这项研究旨在评估蒙古城市土壤中金属的富集和不稳定部分，并确定土壤金属污染的主要来源。研究了乌兰巴托市土壤中Al，Fe，Mn，Cr，Cu，Cd，Co，Zn，V，Mo，As，Sb和Pb的浓度和地球化学分数。结果表明，只有Fe，Mn，Co，Mo和V发生在自然水平，富集因子接近于1。被调查的大多数有毒金属，包括铜，锌，铬，锑，砷，镉和铅，都是城市土壤中的严重污染物，其富集因子高达2.8、5.1、2.1、16、13、15和11 ， 分别。对金属化学成分的研究表明，锌主要以不稳定的形式存在，被认为对人类和生物群构成高风险。确定工业释放，生活灰分，燃煤和轮胎磨损是进入乌兰巴托市土壤的重要有毒金属来源，应对其进行有效控制，以防止在长期范围内在更广泛的区域内人口和污染分布大气运输。